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In Civil War I, the North was economically stronger than the
South.
In Civil War II, Republican cities and states are economically stronger than
Democrat cities and states. Republican cities and states tend to have less debt/capita than Democrat
states, less taxes, and a larger value for exports minus imports.
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Civil War I:
Soldiers Railroad Manufacturing Arms production
mil miles % of total % of total
North 2.1 21800 90 97
South 1.06 8800 10 3
Republican cities are economically stronger than Democrat cities. All the high-debt and high-murder cities are Democrat cities.
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People are migrating from blue to red states. The data comes from the moving industry, which tracks moving vans that move between states. Data.
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Blue states tax more than red states.
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Most of the oil and natural gas is in red states.
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Urban areas tend to be blue and rural areas tend to be red. Almost all large cities are blue, even the ones in red states.
The following plot shows how each city voted in the 2016 presidential election, with Republican cities toward the top and Democratic cities toward the bottom. Most cities are Democratic. The horizontal axis indicates how the state voted. Text size indicates city size.
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The largest red city is Oklahoma City. The city center is blue and the suburbs are red. The blue splotch to the southeast is the University of Oklahoma.
China dominates the production of most elements, with South Africa in second place. America dominates for only beryllium, rhenium, and thorium. The plot shows the fraction of world production for each element.
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Macrometals are the metals mined by greatest mass. The macrometal superpowers are China, South Africa, Australia, Russia, India, and Canada. America has feeble production. The following plot shows each nation's fraction of world production for each metal. Data is from USGS 2018.
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The plot shows the most endangered elements and where they are produced. Many come from conflict zones or from hostile nations. Most come from China.
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The endangered elements are:
Element Source Use Cobalt DR Congo Lithium-ion batteries, steel alloy Lithium Australia, Chile Lithium-ion batteries Rare-earths China All of the electronics industry, especially solar cells and magnets Germanium China Fiber optics Tin China Solder and bronze Tungsten China Superhard materials in the form of tungsten carbide Scandium China, Ukraine, Russia Aluminum alloy Phosphorus China, Israel, Canada Fertilizer Potassium China, Israel, Canada Fertilizer
There isn't enough lithium and cobalt to build an electric car for everyone in the world.
The ultimite limit to how much food we can grow is from fertilizer, and this hinges on phosphorus and potassium. Biomass power is vast, hence phosphorus and potassium are critically important.
Most endangered elements are endangered because they're produced primarily in China.
Elements that are important but not endangered include:
Platinum Canada South Africa Catalyst Palladium Canada South Africa Catalyst Rhodium Canada South Africa Catalyst Rhenium Chile USA Peru Poland Aircraft turbines Osmium Superhard metal Iridium Superhard metal Molybdenum Strong metal Beryllium USA Strong lightweight metal Tantalum Australia Brazil Canada Capacitors and is produced in Australia, Brazil, and Canada. Nickel Worldwide Steel alloy. Turbines Caesium Canada Drilling lubricant in the form of caesium formate Gold USA Canada Australia Currency Silver Mexico Peru Solar cells Copper Chile Peru USA Aus Chi Power wires Gallium Worldwide Extracted from aluminum ore Uranium Worldwide Nuclear energy Thorium Worldwide Nuclear energy
The following plot shows world production for each element. Endangered elements tend to be near the bottom.
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The embodied energy of an element is the energy required to extract the element from ore, in Joules/kg. Most of the price of elements is from energy. For steel, the energy comes from coal smelting and for most of the other elements the energy comes from electricity.
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Energy is used in every stage of industry. It's used in the production of primary materials, such as elements, chemicals, plastics, and lumber. It's used again to manufacture things with the primary materials.
The plot shows how much energy the world expends per year for primary materials.
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Platinum group metals are rare because they are dense and they tend to sink to the Earth's core. They are mostly mined from metal asteroid craters such as the Sudbury crater in Canada and the Vrodefort Crater in South Africa. Metallic asteroids are rich in platinum group elements because they used to be part of the core of a planet.
Siderophile: Iron-living. Tends to sink to the core along with the iron.
Lithophile: Rock-loving. Tends to become included in rock and escapes sinking
to the core.
Chalcophile: Ore-loving. Tends to combine with oxygen and sulfur and escapes sinking
to the core.
Atmophile: Is a gas at room temperature and tends to escape the crust into the
atmosphere.
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A 300 meter metallic asteroid has 30 billion dollars of platinum group elements, equal to world annual production.
-178918.jpg) |
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The rare Earth elements are the ones in the row from Lanthanum to Lutetium and they tend to occur together in minerals. They are vital to electronics and 95% of the world's supply comes from the Bayan Obo deposit in China. Uranium and thorium are often found in rare Earth ore.
The Californa Mountain Pass mine closed in 2002. In 2010 China restricted rare Earth exports, prompting subsidies from the U.S. Government to reopen the mine. Mining resumed in 2015 and then ceased in 2016 when the mining corporation went bankrupt.
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Population on 2014 July 1 = 317.7 million people Present workforce = 154.4 million people Gross Domestic Product = 17.02 trillion $/year Net worth of citizens = 87.25 trillion $/year (2015) Government revenue = 3.02 trillion $/year Government spending = 3.50 trillion $/year Deficit = .48 trillion $/year Dept = 18.23 trillion $/year Net worth per citizen = 275000 $/person/year Tax per working-age person = 15200 $/person/year
B$/year
Individual income tax 1395
Social Security tax 1023
Corporate income tax 321
Federal Reserve System 99
Excise tax 93
Customs duties 34
Estate and gift taxes 19
Misc 37
Total individual + corporate 2739
Total 3021
B$ B$ B$
Defense 526.6 Agriculture 21.5 EPA 8.2
Health & Human serv. 78.3 NASA 17.7 Nat. Science Found. 7.6
Education 71.2 Justice 16.3 Army Corps of Engineers 4.7
Veterans affairs 63.5 Transportation 16.3 Corp. Nat & Comm serv 1.1
Homeland Security 39.0 Treasury 12.9 Small Business Admin .8
Housing & Urban Dev 33.1 Labor 12.1 Disaster costs 6
Intelligence 48.2 Interior 11.7 Other 19.4
State 48.1 Social Security 9.1 Total 1235
Energy 28.4 Commerce 8.6
Health & Human Services inclues medicare and medicade.
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Export Import Balance Export Import
B$ B$ B$ frac frac
% %
World 1621 2348 -727
EU 276 418 -142
Canada 312 348 -35 76.8 54.5
China 124 467 -343 16.9
Mexico 240 294 -54 80.2 48.8
Japan 67 124 -67 18.9
Germany 49 123 -74
South Korea 44 70 -25
UK 54 54 -1
France 31 47 -16
Saudi Arabia 19 47 -28
India 22 45 -24 13.4
Italy 17 42 -25
Taiwan 27 41 -14
Ireland 8 34 -26 20.6
Switzerland 22 31 -9
Brazil 42 31 12
Malaysia 13 30 -17
Thailand 12 27 -15
Israel 15 23 -8 26.9 11.8
Netherlands 43 21 22
Belgium 35 21 14
Colombia 20 18 2 26.3 28.5
Singapore 30 16 14
Australia 27 11 16
Chile 17 9 7
Hong Kong 41 6 35
Venezuela 34.6 24.2
Sri Lanka 25.0
Vietnam 20.0
Panama 19.8 25.1
Pakistan 12.4
Other 290 357 -67
Export frac: Fraction of the given country's exports that go to the USA
Import frac: Fraction of the given country's imports that come from the USA
B$ B$
Cars 53.4 Delivery trucks 18.9 Liquid pumps 8.3
Refined oil 51.9 Blood 18.9 Industrial machinery 8.2
Planes & spacecraft 39.6 Aircraft parts 17.0 Chemical instruments 8.1
Pharmaceuticals 37.9 Coal 16.2 Centrifuges 8.0
Gas turbines 29.0 Telephones 13.5 Wheat 7.8
Gold 27.2 Valves 10.7 Combustion engines 7.8
Soybeans 23.7 Corn 10.2 Insulated wire 7.7
Medical instruments 19.8 Orthopaedic devices 10.1 Ethylene 7.6
Integrated circuits 19.4 Scrap iron 9.0 Air pumps 7.3
Computers 19.3 Construction vehicles 8.5 Tractors 6.9
Export Import Balance
B$ B$ B$
World 310 448 -138
China 11.9 60.4 -48.5
USA 42.4 21.8 20.6
UAE 33.0 26.1 6.7
Saudi Arabia 11.2 28.1 -16.9
Switzerland 1.1 22.1 -21.1
Germany 7.5 12.8 -5.3
Hong Kong 13.6 5.6 8.0
Indonesia 4.0 15.0 -11.0
South Korea 4.6 13.5 -8.9
Japan 5.4 10.1 -4.7
Commodity Commodity
export B$ import B$
Refined petroleum 61.2
Oil 41.2 177.5
Vehicles 14.5
Prec. metal, gems 41.2 60
Electronics 9.1 32
Machines, engines 13.6 31
Pharmaceuticals 11.7
Cereals 10.1
Clothing 9.1
Organic chem 12.1 18.3
Plastics 11.8
Iron, steel 9.1 11.4
Electronics 9.1
Export Import Balance
B$ B$ B$
EU 356 212 145
USA 325 122 202
Hong Kong 268 16 252
Japan 148 195 -46
South Korea 83 163 -80
Brazil 32 52 -21
India 50 23 27
Russia 39 40 -1
Taiwan 35 125 -90
Export (B$/yr) Export (B$/yr)
Computers 210.2 Transformers 25.2
Broadcast equipment 111.0 Furniture 25.1
Phones 91.8 Knit sweaters 24.2
Office machine parts 47.1 Trunks and cases 23.8
Integrated circuits 41.7 Video displays 21.9
Broadcast accessories 29.5 Vehicle parts 21.7
Semiconductor devices 29.0 Seats 21.5
Export Import Balance
B$ B$ B$
Netherlands 46 <8
China 35 44 -9
Germany 31 46 -15
Ukraine 29 20 9
USA 25 11 4
Italy 24 13 11
Belarus 23 13 10
Poland 21 8 13
Japan 17 14 3
Kazakhstan 16 <8
South Korea <16 12
France <16 11
Export (B$/yr) Export (B$/yr)
Crude petroleum 183.7 Wheat 6.2
Refined petroleum 70.6 Gold 5.8
Natural gas 42.3 Diamonds 4.7
Coal 14.1 Nickel 4.2
Fertilizer 11.7 Copper 5.5
Iron 10.3 Wood 3.4
Aluminum 6.6 Rubber 2.9
Export Import
B$ B$
China 127.1 182.0
USA 129.4 71.8
S. Korea 51.8 33.6
Taiwan 40.2 24.4
Australia 14.3 48.4
S. Arabia 7.6 47.8
Thailand 31.6 21.9
UAE 9.6 42.0
Malaysia 14.2 29.4
Export (B$/yr)
Cars 104.3
Vehicle parts 42.2
Integrated circuits 19.2
Industrial printers 17.5
Machinery 13.6
Construction veh. 13.2
Trucks 12.2
Refined petroleum 11.5
Vid recording equip. 11.2
Data for 2014.
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Currency Currency Wealth Wealth GDP GDP/prsn G7 G20
B$ % T$ k$/prsn T$/yr k$/yr
World 73.99
Eurozone 1035 24.3 250.1 52
EU 16.48 * *
USA 851 20.0 85.9 353 18.56 55.8 * *
China 492 11.6 22.8 22.5 11.38 14.1 *
Japan 762 17.9 19.8 190 4.41 38.1 * *
UK 87.5 2.05 15.6 320 2.85 41.2 * *
France 12.7 262 2.42 41.2 * *
Germany 11.9 178 3.47 46.9 * *
Italy 10.0 204 1.81 35.7 * *
Canada 43.8 1.03 6.9 248 1.55 45.6 * *
Australia 32.4 .76 6.2 365 1.34 47.4 *
Spain 4.4 112 1.20 34.8
Taiwan 3.59 195 46.8
S. Korea 3.54 91 1.38 36.5 *
Switz. 40.3 .95 3.49 567 .66 58.6
India 140 3.29 3.45 4.4 2.07 6.2 *
Brazil 37.3 .88 2.44 17.6 1.77 15.6 *
Neth. 2.38 183 .75 49.2
Sweden 2.29 311 .49 47.9
Belgium 2.19 259 .45 43.6
Russia 111 2.60 1.33 25.4 *
Poland 37.7 .89 .47 26.5
Mexico 34.3 .81 1.96 25.9 1.14 17.5 *
Indonesia 1.46 9.0 .86 11.1
Pakistan 17.6 .42 .27 5.0
Argentina .55 22.6 *
Indonesia .86 11.1 *
S. Arabia .65 53.6 *
S. Africa .31 13.2 *
Turkey .72 20.4 *
Other 537 12.9
Total 4259 100
Currency data for 2008
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The Gini number characterizes inequality in a distribution. G=0 corresponds to perfect equality (wealth is shared equally) and G=1 corresponds to perfect inequality (all wealth is possessed by one person).
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Fraction of fatalities that are men = 93%
Fatality rate averaged over all professions = 35 fatalities per 1 million workers
Total fatalities in 2011 = 4609
Men (%) Fatalities per million workers
Logging 97.2 1024
Coal mining 94.8 124
Sawmills 94.8
Construction 91.1 97
Steel production 89 269
Sewage 88.9
Truckers 88.6 240
Fishing, hunting 88.4 1212
Taxi driver 87.4 197
Paper mills 87.4
Mining 86.9 124
Oil mining 81.7
Power lines 77.9 203
Farming 76.3 232
Pilots 66.3 570
Baker 34.6
Nurse 9.4
Receptionist 8.5
Secretary 4.7
Garbage collection 412
Roofers 318
Finance 9
Information 15
Education 7
Hospitality 19
Average 33
Men work on average 53 more minutes per day than women.
New jobs per year (%)
Harding/Coolidge 4.23
Roosevelt 4.17
Johnson 3.90
Kennedy/Johnson 2.64
Clinton 2.59
Truman 2.27
Coolidge 2.13
Reagan 2.06
Eisenhower 1.10
Nixon/Ford 1.84
Obama 1.12
Bush I .62
Bush II .12
Hoover -5.41
Present workforce = 154.4 million people
GDP % Job %
Real estate & renting 13 1
State & local government 9 6
Finance and insurance 8 4
Health/social care 8 9
Durable manufacturing 6 <1
Retail trade 6 10
Wholesale trade 6 4
Non-durable manufacturing 6 3
Federal government 5 2
Information 4 2
Arts & entertainment 4 1
Construction 4 4
Waste services 3 5
Other services 3 29
Utilities 2 <1
Mining 2 <1
Corporate management 2 1
Education services 1 3
Agriculture 1 ?
Data for 2011. The total is 13.56 trillion dollars.
Thousands Thousands Thousands
Wal Mart 2200 JPMorgan Chase 241 Starbucks 191
McDonalds 420 Citigroup 241 Ford Motor 187
IBM 413 Deloitte 225 Starwood Hotels 180
Kroger 400 Bank of America 224 Walt Disney 180
Home Depot 371 Lowe's 220 CVS Health 178
Target 347 General Motors 216 Verizon 177
UPS 336 Aramark 216 Publix Super Markets 175
Berkshire Hath. 316 Walgreens 213 UnitedHealth Group 170
General Electric 305 Ernst & Young 212 Johnson Controls 168
Yum! Brands 303 United Tech. 212 Macy's 167
Hewlett-Packard 302 Cognizant Tech. 212 Boeing 166
FedEx 298 PricewaterhouseC. 208 Hilton World Holdings 157
PepsiCo 271 Darden Restaurants 206 Amazon.com 154
Albertsons 265 TJX 198 Costco Wholesale 154
Wells Fargo 264 HCA Holdings 197 Cargill 153
AT&T 244 Sears Holdings 196 Xerox 148
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Assets Profit Employees
B$ B$ thousands
JP Morgan Chase 2359 21.3 259
Bank of America 2209 4.2 277
Citigroup 1865 7.4 259
Wells Fargo 1422 18.9 265
Goldman Sachs 923 7.5 58
Morgan Stanley 750 -.1 58
U.S. Bancorp 353 5.6 63
Bank of NY Mellon 359 2.6 49
HSBC N. America 319 n/a 43
Capital One 287 3.5 36
Data for 2012.
Index Red/Blue Index Red/Blue Index Red/Blue
North Dakota 40 2 Ohio 22 -1 Alaska 17 3
DC 30 -3 Wyoming 22 3 Montana 17 1
South Dakota 30 2 Indiana 22 1 New Jersey 17 -2
Delaware 29 -2 Georgia 22 1 Mississippi 17 +2
Nebraska 29 3 Maryland 21 -2 Pennsylvania 17 -1
Minnesota 28 -1 Colorado 21 0 Arkansas 16 0
Texas 27 2 California 21 -2 Alabama 16 2
Iowa 25 0 Illinois 21 -2 Kentucky 16 1
Michigan 25 -1 Oklahoma 21 3 New Hampshire 16 0
Arizona 23 1 Oregon 20 -2 N. Carolina 16 1
Wisconsin 23 -1 S. Carolina 20 2 Maine 16 -2
Hawaii 23 -3 Idaho 19 3 Connecticut 15 -2
Utah 22 3 Missouri 19 0 New York 15 -3
Washington 22 -2 Louisiana 19 1 West Virginia 14 0
Florida 22 0 Nevada 18 0 Vermont 13 -3
Tennessee 22 1 Kansas 18 2 New Mexico 13 -1
Massachusetts 22 -3 Virginia 18 1 Rhode Island 12 -3
The Red/Blue column denotes the average margin of victory for the past 5
presidential elections.
+3 Republican >20
+2 Republican 10-20
+1 Republican 3-10
+0 Neutral
-1 Democrat 3-10
-2 Democrat 10-10
-3 Democrat >20
Data for the job creation index
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Percentile Income Payroll Capital Frac of US Frac of US Tax
(k$) tax (%) tax (%) earnings (%) tax income (%) paid
(k$)
1-20 18.4 2.0 1.3 4.0 1.0 .607
21-40 42.5 9.1 1.6 8.4 4.4 4.55
41-60 64.5 12.7 2.5 13.1 9.2 9.80
61-80 94.1 15.7 3.7 19.3 16.5 18.26
81-100 265.7 20.1 21.4 53.9 68.9 110.3
91-100 394.5 20.7 26.7 42.0 55.0 187.0
96-100 611.2 20.9 32.1 32.3 44.3 323.9
100-100 1873 20.6 43.4 19.4 28.1 1199
Top 400 344832 16.6 81.3 337600
Income = Mean income for the tax bracket
Payroll tax = Mean payroll tax for the tax bracket
Capital tax = Fraction of payroll earnings going to tax
Capital tax = Fraction of capital gains going to tax
Frac of US earnings = Fraction of individual and corporate earnings
Frac of US tax income = Fraction contributed to total US tax income
Tax revenue = 2400 billion $
Tax paying households = 118.7 million
Tax per household = 20200 $
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 96-100 1-100
Asian .624 .593 .786 .871 1.265 .366 4.140
White 16.940 18.424 18.978 19.215 19.721 5.029 92.702
Hispanic 3.023 3.130 2.863 1.931 1.204 .269 12.838
Black 4.474 3.339 2.637 2.053 1.287 .236 13.792
Numbers in millions of people.
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Percent change from 2007 to 2014.
Health care 24.8 Food at home -3.6 Housing -6.0 Transport -6.4 Total food -7.6 Food not at home -13.4 Clothing -18.8 Total -6.3
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2015 2016 % change
Bronze 292 319 9
Silver 341 389 14
Gold 397 459 16
Age Fraction 0-14 .198 Each year of age contains a fraction of .0132 of the population 15-64 .668 65-200 .134
Population Births/women/year
fraction
White .724 .0188
Hispanic .163 .0213
Black .126 .0187
Asian .0475 .0172
Native .0112 .0129
Data from Wikipedia for 2014.
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Party Rank Losing Party Electoral Fate
candidate margin
1 1789 Washington - 3 J. Adams - 69 0
1793 Washington - J. Adams F 132 0 Retired
2 1797 J. Adams F 12 Jefferson DR 71 68 Defeated in presidential election
3 1801 Jefferson DR 4 Burr DR 73 65
1805 Jefferson DR Pinckney F 162 14 Retired
4 1809 Madison DR 14 Pinckney F 122 47 6
1813 Madison DR Clinton F 128 89 Retired
5 1817 Monroe DR 16 King F 183 34
1821 Monroe DR J.Q. Adams DR 231 1 Retired
6 1825 J.Q. Adams DR 21 Jackson DR 84 99 41 37 Defeated in presidential election
7 1829 Jackson D 8 J.Q. Adams NR 178 83
1833 Jackson D Clay NR 219 49 11 7 Retired
8 1837 Van Buren D 24 W.Harrison W 170 73 26 14 11 Defeated in presidential election
9 1841 W. Harrison W 39 Van Buren D 234 60 Died in office
10 VP Tyler W 37 Defeated in primary
11 1845 Polk D 10 Clay W 170 105 Retired
12 1849 Tayler W 35 Class D 163 127 Died in office
13 VP Filmore W 38 Defeated in primary
14 1853 Pierce D 41 Scott W 254 42 Defeated in primary
15 1857 Buchanan D 43 Fremont R 174 114 8 Retired
16 1861 Lincoln R 1 Breckin. SD 180 72 39 12
1865 Lincoln NU McClellan D 212 21 Assassinated
17 VP Johnson NU 40 Defeated in primary
18 1869 Grant R 36 Seymour D 214 80
1873 Grant R Hendricks D 286 42 18 2 Retired
19 1877 Hayes R 25 Tilden D 185 184 Retired
20 1881 Garfield R 31 Hancock D 214 155 Assassinated
21 VP Arthur R 28 Defeated in primary
22 1885 Cleveland D 18 Blaine R 219 182 Defeated in presidential election
23 1889 B. Harrison R 29 Cleveland D 233 168 Defeated in presidential election
24 1893 Cleveland D 18 B.Harrison R 277 145 22 Defeated in primary
25 1897 McKinley R 19 Bryan DP 271 176
1901 McKinley R Bryan D 292 155 Assassinated
26 VP T. Roosevelt R 5
1905 T. Roosevelt R Parker D 336 140 Retired. Had pledged not to seek a third term
27 1909 Taft R 23 Bryan D 321 162 Lost in presidential election
28 1913 Wilson D 7 Roosevelt P 435 88 8
1917 Wilson D Hughes R 277 254 Would not have been nominated by his party
29 1921 Harding R 42 Cox D 404 127 Died in office
VP Coolidge R 30
1925 Coolidge R Davis D 382 136 13 Retired
31 1929 Hoover R 32 Smith D 444 87 Defeated in presidential election
32 1933 F. Roosevelt D 2 Hoover R 472 59
1937 F. Roosevelt D Landon R 523 8
1941 F. Roosevelt D Willkie R 449 82
1945 F. Roosevelt D Dewey R 432 99 Died in office
VP Truman D 6
33 1949 Truman D Dewey R 303 189 39 Defeated in primary
34 1953 Eisenhower R 9 Stevenson D 442 89
1957 Eisenhower R Stevenson D 457 73 Term limited
35 1961 Kennedy D 11 Nixon R 303 219 15 Assassinated
36 VP Johnson D 13
1965 Johnson D Goldwater R 486 52 Defeated in primary
37 1969 Nixon R 33 Humphrey D 301 191 46
1973 Nixon R McGovern D 520 17 1 Resigned
VP Ford R 26 Defeated in presidential election
39 1977 Carter D 27 Ford R 297 240 Defeated in presidential election
40 1981 Reagan R 15 Carter D 489 49
1985 Reagan R Mondale D 525 13 Term limited
41 1989 Bush R 22 Dukakis D 426 111 Defeated in presidential election
42 1993 Clinton D 20 Bush R 370 168
1997 Clinton D Dole R 379 159 Term limited
43 2001 Bush R 34 Gore D 271 266
2005 Bush R Kerry D 286 251 Term limited
44 2009 Obama D 17 McCain R 365 173
2013 Obama D Romney R 332 206 Term limited
45 2017 Trump R Clinton D 306 232
Rank Party Rank Party Rank Party
Lincoln 1 R Monroe 16 D-R Garfield 31 R
Roosevelt, F. 2 D Obama 17 D Hoover 32 R
Washington 3 I Cleveland 18 D Nixon 33 R
Jefferson 4 D-R McKinley 19 R Bush II 34 R
Roosevelt, T. 5 R Clinton 20 D Taylor 35 W
Truman 6 D Adams, JQ 21 D-R Grant 36 R
Wilson 7 D Bush I 22 R Tyler 37 W
Jackson 8 D Taft 23 R Fillmore 38 W
Eisenhower 9 R Van Buren 24 D Harrison, W 39 W
Polk 10 D Hayes 25 R Johnson, A 40 D
Kennedy 11 D Ford 26 R Pierce 41 D
Adams, J. 12 F Carter 27 D Harding 42 R
Johnson, L. 13 D Arthur 28 R Buchanan 43 D
Madison 14 D-R Harrison, B 29 R
Reagan 15 R Coolidge 30 R
R Republican
D Democrat
W Whig
D-R Democratic-Republican party
I Independent
Presidental 4-year terms:
Republican 23
Democrat 22
Democratic Republican 7
Whig 4
Independent 2
Federalist 1
National Union 1
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Party Rank Losing Party Electoral Fraction
candidate margin of votes
1793 Washington - 3 J. Adams F 132 0 1
1789 Washington - 3 J. Adams - 69 0 1
1821 Monroe DR 16 J.Q. Adams DR 231 1 .996
1937 F. Roosevelt D 2 Landon R 523 8 .985
1985 Reagan R 15 Mondale D 525 13 .976
1973 Nixon R 33 McGovern D 520 17 .97
1805 Jefferson DR 4 Pinckney F 162 14 .92
1981 Reagan R 15 Carter D 489 49 .91
1865 Lincoln NU 1 McClellan D 212 21 .91
1965 Johnson D 13 Goldwater R 486 52 .90
1933 F. Roosevelt D 2 Hoover R 472 59 .89
1957 Eisenhower R 9 Stevenson D 457 73 .86
1853 Pierce D 41 Scott W 254 42 .86
1941 F. Roosevelt D 2 Willkie R 449 82 .85
1817 Monroe DR 16 King F 183 34 .84
1929 Hoover R 32 Smith D 444 87 .84
1953 Eisenhower R 9 Stevenson D 442 89 .83
1873 Grant R 36 Hendricks D 286 42 18 2 .82
1913 Wilson D 7 Roosevelt P 435 88 8 .82
1945 F. Roosevelt D 2 Dewey R 432 99 .81
1841 W. Harrison W 39 Van Buren D 234 60 .80
1989 Bush R 22 Dukakis D 426 111 .79
1833 Jackson D 8 Clay NR 219 49 11 7 .77
1921 Harding R 42 Cox D 404 127 .76
President Secretary of State Washington Jefferson Jefferson Madison Madison Monroe Monroe J.Q. Adams Jackson Van Buren Polk Buchanan
The possible outcomes at the end of a presidential term are:
Won reelection 22 Washington Jefferson Madison Monroe Jackson Lincoln Grant
McKinley T Roosevelt Wilson Coolidge F Roosevelt(x3) Truman
Eisenhower Johnson Nixon Reagan Clinton Bush II Obama
Retired 12 Washington Jefferson Madison Monroe Jackson Polk Buchanan
Grant Hayes T Roosevelt Coolidge Biden
Lost reelection 11 J Adams JQ Adams Van Buren Cleveland B Harrison Taft Hoover
Ford Carter Bush I Trump
Lost in primary 9 Tyler Fillmore Pierce A Johnson Arthur Cleveland Wilson Truman
L Johnson
Term limited 5 Eisenhower Reagan Clinton Bush II Obama
Died of natural causes 4 W Harrison Tayler Harding F Roosevelt
Assassinated 4 Lincoln Garfield McKinley Kennedy
Resigned 1 Nixon
Total 68
Former presidents who ran for the presidency after a term out of office: Cleveland, Van Buren, Fillmore, Grant, T. Roosevelt, Hoover. Only Cleveland succeeded.
People that lost a presidential election but later became president: J. Adams, Jefferson, J.Q. Adams, Jackson, W. Harrison, Cleveland, F. Roosevelt, Nixon.
In 1884, Arthur placed 2nd in primary voting but he didn't campaign. He had health problems and wished to retire.
In 1888, Cleveland was the incumbent president and he was renominated, and he lost the general election. In 1896, Cleveland was the incumbent president and he lost the primary.
GDP Job Workforce Home Fed spend Budget surplus Inflation
growth growth particip. own per GDP per GDP
%/yr %/yr %/yr %/yr % %/yr %/year
Carter 3.0 3.1 .8 .2 19.5 -2.0
Reagan 3.8 2.2 .4 -.2 21.0 -3.5
Bush I 2.0 .6 .0 .1 20.5 -3.5
Clinton 4.2 2.6 .1 .4 18.5 -2.0
Bush II 2.1 .0 -.2 .0 18.5 -1.5 2.4
Obama 2.0 .9 -.5 -.5 22.0 -5.5 1.8
Trump 2.0
Biden 5.6
Data
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We show a subset of the history to illustrate the evolution.
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~800 Oracle of Delphi established in Ancient Greece
~770 Spartan democracy established with a constitution written by Lycurgus and endorsed
by the Oracle of Delphi
-510 Athenian democracy established by Cleisthenes, after the overthrow of King Hippias
-509 Roman Republic founded, replacing monarchy rule
1215 English Magna Carta
1660 Royal Society founded by Christopher Wren
1666 French Academy of Sciences founded
1688 England, Revolutionary Settlement. Parliament enacts laws limiting
the power of the king.
1689 England, Bill of Rights and Mutiny Bill
1694 England, Triennial Bill
1696 England, Treason Act
1701 England, Act of Settlement
1769 Golden age of the American Philosophical Society begins as Benjamin
Franklin becomes president. Members included Jefferson, Washington,
Hamilton, Adams, Madison, Paine, and McHenry.
1775 American patriots form Provisional Congresses in each of the 13 colonies that are
independent of Great Britain, and they form a unified Continental Congress
1776 American Declaration of Independence, July 4
1781 American Articles of Confederation
1787 Federalist Papers published by Hamilton, Madison, & Jay
1788 American Constitution established
1791 American Bill of Rights
1810 Modern era of British Prime Ministers begins when King George III goes insane
1830 England, Westminster system of government established (Parliament)
1911 England, Parliament Act, lessening the power of the House of Lords
1949 British Parliaments acts of 1949
2014 British House of Lords Reform Act of 2014
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Votes Candidates Debates States Popular Super
(millions) delegates delegates
Democrat 31.22 3 9 50 4051 712
Republican 30.64 17 12 50 2472 0
Libertarian .03 13 21 6 n/a n/a
Green .02 6 4 35 402 0
Votes Vote % Total Popular Super States
delegates delegates delegates
Trump 14013998 44.9 1441 1441 - 36 Republican
Cruz 7822100 25.1 551 551 - 11
Kasich 4290448 13.8 161 161 - 1
Rubio 3515576 11.3 173 173 - 1
Clinton 16912545 55.2 2842 2271.5 570.5 28 Democrat
Sanders 13206428 43.1 1865 1821.5 44.5 22
O'Malley ? ? 0 1 0
Johnson 22642 59.6 n/a n/a - 5 Libertarian
McAfee 3391 8.9 n/a n/a - 0
Peterson 3066 8.1 n/a n/a - 0
Stein 13231 ? 269.5 269.5 - 34 Green
Kreml ? ? 18.5 18.5 - 1
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_under_the_Verrazano_Narrows_Bridge.jpg) |
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American suspension bridges have held the world record for length from 1849 to 1981.
In 1939 the world's 9 longest suspension bridges were American.
Year Length World record
Wheeling 1849 308 * West Virginia
Queenston-Lewiston 1851 317 * Niagara
John A. Roebling 1866 322 * Kentucky, Ohio
Niagara Clifton 1869 384 * Niagara
Brooklyn 1883 486 * New York City
Williamsburg 1903 488 * New York City
Bear Mountain 1924 497 * New York, Hudson River
Benjamin Franklin 1926 534 * Pennsylvania, New Jersey
Ambassador 1929 564 * Detroit, Ontario
George Washington 1931 1067 * New York City
Oakland Bay 1936 704 San Francisco Bay
Triborough Bridge 1936 421 Queens and Wards Island
Golden Gate 1937 1280 San Francisco Bay
Bronx-Whitestone 1939 701 New York City
Tacoma Narrows II 1950 853 New York City
Delaware Memorial 1951 656 Delaware River
Mackinac 1957 1158 Michigan, Upper and Lower Penninsula
Walt Whitman 1957 610 Delaware River
Throggs Neck 1961 549 New York City
Verrazano-Narrows 1964 1298 * New York City
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America was the first to harness large-scale hydroelectric power when Westinghouse and Tesla built a 37 MWatt plant at Niagara falls in 1895. They also solved the problem of long-distance transfer of electricity, inventing the alternating current method.
By 1930 America had built 10 dams with a height of at least 90 meters.
In 1945 America had the three highest dams in the world, the Hoover Dam, the Shasta Dam, and the Grand Couleee Dam.
Height Year Power
(m) completed (MW)
Niagara Adams 1895 37
Buffalo Bill 110 1910
Roosevelt 109 1911
Arrowrock 110 1915
Elephant Butte 92 1916
O'Shaughnessy 130 1923
Gorge 91 1924
Horse Mesa 93 1927 15
Canyon 109 1927 18
Pacoima 111 1929
Diablo 119 1930
Owyhee 127 1932
Hoover 221 1936 480
Grand Coulee 170 1942
Shasta 184 1945
Oroville Dam 187 1968 170
New Bullards 197 1969 150
Dworshak Dam 219 1973
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Tesla and Westinghouse built the first large-scale hydro-powered electricity plant at Niagara falls in 1895. It generated 37 megawatts of power and turbocharged American manufacturing.
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Telegraph km in 1852.
USA 37000 UK 2500 Prussia 2300 Austria 1600 Canada 1400 France 1100
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The first successful transatlantic cable linking America and the UK was completed in 1866. It was made possible by William Thompson's invention of the mirror galvanometer in 1857, for detecting telegraph signals.
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The transcontinental railway was started in 1863 and completed in 1869, opening up the West to rail transport.
In 1828, rail crossed the Appalachian mountains.
By 1860 The North and Midwest constructed networks that linked every city. In the heavily settled Midwestern Corn Belt, over 80 percent of farms were within 8 km of a railway. The USA had 28900 railroad miles and the UK had 10400.
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The first naval battle involving iron ships was in the civil war in 1862, between the North's Merrimac and the South's Virginia.
Steel production in 1913 in billion kg.
USA 31.5 Germany 19.3 UK 10.4
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The Erie Canal, completed in 1825, was the second longest canal in the world.
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People km2 Acres/homestead
1889 50000 8100 40
1991 20000 160
1992 14000
1993 40000 24240 160
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Who got the most bang for the buck?
Asimov sponsors the "Asimov Debates" at the American Museum of Natural History, and they draw a crowd of thousands. The debates cover exotic topics in science.
The Queen of England and 007 have a symbiotic relationship. The Queen has the money and 007 can get stuff done. It's a credit to the Queen that she bigly bankrolls 007. It's also a credit to the queen that 007 works for her. 007 doesn't work for just anyone.
Political offices are often purchased, and the money tends to go to oligarchs instead of the worthy. For example, money tends to flow to media executives. Senator Herb Kohl of Wisconsin set an example by donating lavishly to the University of Wisconsin and was rewarded with a senate seat.
The average spending required to win political office is:
Winner U.S. Total
Million $ Million $
U.S. President 1200 2400
U.S. Senate 25 2500
U.S. House 2 2000
State Governor 10 1000
State Senate .2 400
State House .08 700
This tells you how much to demand for each office.
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For a philanthropist, we can ask: What fraction of your wealth did you give away? as well as the worthiness of the recipients. In the era before the French Revolution, the French aristocracy was arrogant, much like the modern Democratic party. It bit them in the ass.
The French aristocracy had an opportunity. They were rich and they could have spent their money wisely, in a way that gains goodwill from the people. They could have spent their money on a batsuit and a batmobile, and they didn't. Lame!
A modern billionaire could use his money to build an Iron Man suit and be a superhero.
What should billionaires spend money on? Think there might be a conspiracy? The oligarchy is bourgeouis with their 1700 private jets at Davos. There is an epidemic of bourgeois, including the oligarchy, Taxing the rich doesn't work. They're good at hiding money. Instead coax them to spend money on your community. Treat them like celebrities if they do. Billionaire shaming. There are good billionaires and bad billionaires. Good billionaires turbocharge communities and bad billionaires poison them. A community should coax good billionaires to move in and be villigant in excluding bad billionaires. A wise billionaire could use his money to become a celebrity and be beloved by the community.
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Prince Ranier of Monaco chose a hollywood wife, and he chose wisely. Prince Harry chose poorly.
The French Aristocracy of the 18th century was arrogant and it cost them their heads.
The British Monarchy gracefully instituted a smooth transition to democracy, and they got to keep their heads.
The American aristocracy of the 21st century is arrogant.
Robespierre created a world of guillotines, and Robespierre got guillotined.
George Carlin: The oligarchs own this place. It's a big club, and you aren't in it.
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Academic competitions
A measure of the quality of a rich person is the quality of the jobs he produces. Elon Musk creates great engineering jobs whereas the Waltons and Wal Mart create low-end jobs.
Dog park
Car Wine Yacht
Tax breaks can be given for worthy causes, for examle a science megaproject. Some examples might be:
Higgs factory collider, a circular electron collider Electron linear collider Telescopoe for asteroid fining Radio telescopes and the search for intelligent life Gravitational wave observatory
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The wealthy tend to migrate in the direction of low tax, and this is happening in the United States.
Billionaires are a good thing to have around.
California 165 Michigan 10 Missouri 6 New York 118 Pennsylvania 10 Virginia 5 Texas 56 Colorado 10 Florida 58 Tennessee 10 Massachusetts 17 Wyoming 9 Illinois 17 Wisconsin 9 Connecticut 17 Arizona 9 Georgia 13 New Jersey 8 Washington 12 Maryland 8 Nevada 11 Ohio 6
Billionaires tend to cluster in cities.
New York City 98 Palm Beach 10 Oklahoma City 3 San Francisco 41 Boston 10 Racine 3 Los Angeles 27 Seattle 8 Omaha 3 Dallas 17 Las Vegas 7 Cleveland 3 Atlanta 13 Phoenix 6 Potomac MD 3 Houston 12 Naples 5 Brookline, MA 3 Greenwich 11 Jackson 4 Cary, NC 3 Chicago 11 Denver 4 Philadelphia 3
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Billion $
Jeff Bezos 131 Amazon
Bill Gates 96 Microsoft
Warren Buffett 83 Berkshire Hathaway
Larry Ellison 62 Oracle
Mark Zuckerberg 62 Facebook
Larry Page 60 Alphabet
Charles Koch 50 Koch Industries
David Koch 50 Koch Industries
Sergey Brin 50 Alphabet
Michael Bloomberg 49 Bloomberg LP
Jim Walton 45 Walmart
S. Walton 44 Walmart
Alice Walton 44 Walmart
Steve Balmer 41 Microsoft, LA Clippers
Sheldon Adelson 35 Las Vegas Sands Corp
Rupert Murdoch >10 Fox News
Michael Dell >10 Dell
Elon Musk >10 Tesla
Carl Icahn >10
Charles Schwab >10
George Lucas >4
George Soros >4
Steve Spielberg >4
Gordon Moore >4
Ross Perot >4
Bob Kraft >4
Tom Steyer
John Arnold
Donald Trump
Mark Cuban
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Percentile Wealth Fracion of total wealth
M$
1 10400000 .35
2 7000000
3 4500000
4 2600000
5 2200000 .62
10 1187000 .73
20 499000 .85
Billion $
Apple 780
Alphabet 749
Microsoft 736
Amazon 728
Berkshire H. 450
Facebook 376
Johnson & J. 346
JPMorgan Chase 325
The sports industry has inertia that protects existing sports and inhibits new sports. Most sports have awkward rules and better sports are possible. The most glaring need is for a better tackle sport, because the rules for football and rugby are awkward.
Rules should be simple and elegant. Good examples include soccer, hockey, and tennis, and bad examples include football, rugby, baseball, and basketball.
Football has the negative that it requires many coaches.
A sport should accomodate a diversity of body types. Rugby has roles for everyone, regardless of size. Basketball overemphasizes height.
A sport should minimize equipment. Football and hockey require excessive equipment, whereas soccer requires only a ball.
For football, the XFL courageously experiments with the rules.
Rugby and soccer have too many players. Either the number of players can be reduced or the number of balls can be increased.
Appointed by Born Begin End
John Stevens Ford 1920 1975 2010
Sandra O'Connor Reagan 1930 1981 2006
William Rehnquist Reagan 1924 1986 2005
Antonin Scalia Reagan 1936 1986 2016
Anthony Kennedy Reagan 1936 1988 2018
Clarence Thomas Bush I 1948 1991
Ruth Ginsburg Clinton 1933 1993 2020
Stephen Breyer Clinton 1938 1994
John Roberts Bush II 1955 2005
Samuel Alito Bush II 1950 2006
Sonia Sotomayor Obama 1954 2009
Elena Kagan Obama 1960 2010
Neil Gorsuch Trump 1967 2017
Brett Kavanaugh Trump 1965 2018
Amy Coney Barrett Trump 1972 2020
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Hunters Deaths
Michigan 800000 0
Pennsylvania 750000 1
New York 600000 0
Wisconsin 589830 0
West Virginia 250000 0
Maine 224039 0
Total 3213869 1
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km2 Population
Puerto Rico 9104 3667084 Caribbean
Guam 543 159358 West Pacific
N. Mariana Is. 464 77000 West Pacific
US Virgin Is. 346 106405 Caribbean
American Samoa 197 55519 West Pacific
Guantanamo Bay 117 - Caribbean
Misc Islands 34 300
Kingman Reef 18 0 East Pacific
Palmyra Atoll 12 0 East Pacific
Wake Island 7.4 0 West Pacific
Midway 6.2 0 West Pacific
Navassa Island 5.4 0 Caribbean
Howland Island 4.5 0 West Pacific
Jarvis Island 4.5 0 East Pacific
Johnston Atoll 4.5 0 West Pacific
Baker Island 2.1 0 West Pacific
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U.N. Budget = 2.8 B$/year
U.N. Peacekeeping Budget = 8.27 B$/year
U.N. Peacekeeping troops = 82813
U.N. Budget U.N. Peacekeeping
% Budget %
USA 22.0 28.4
Japan 9.7 10.3
China 7.9 6.6
Germany 6.4 7.1
France 4.9 7.2
UK 4.46 6.7
Brazil 3.82
Italy 3.75 4.45
Russia 3.09 3.15
Canada 2.92 2.98
Spain 2.44 2.97
Australia 2.34
S. Korea 2.04
Neth. 1.48
Mexico 1.44
S. Arabia 1.15
Switz. 1.14
Other 19.1
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km2 Population Nearest Occupied
nation by
Pratas Is. 1.7 0 China Taiwan
Batanes Arc. 219 17246 Philippines Philippines
Taiwan Str. Amoy 1699 3531000 China China
Tiawan Str. Quemoy 153 127723 China Taiwan
Taiwan Str. Pescadores 141 101758 Taiwan Taiwan
Paracel Woody Is. 2.1 China/Viet China
Paracel Lincoln Is. 1.6 China/Viet China
Paracel Triton Is. 1.2 China/Viet China
Paracel Duncan Is. .48 China/Viet China
Paracel Passu Keh .40 China/Viet China
Paracel Money Is. .36 China/Viet China
Paracel Pattle Is. .31 China/Viet China
Paracel Robert Is. .30 China/Viet China
Paracel Tree Is. .22 China/Viet China
Paracel Drummond Is. .21 China/Viet China
Paracel South Is. .17 China/Viet China
Paracel Middle Is. .13 China/Viet China
Paracel Rocky Is. .08 China/Viet China
Paracel South Sand .06 China/Viet China
Paracel Palm Is. .06 China/Viet China
Paracel Middle Sand .05 China/Viet China
Paracel West Sand .04 China/Viet China
Paracel North Is. .04 China/Viet China
Paracel Pyramid Rock .04 China/Viet China
Paracel North Sand .02 China/Viet China
Paracel All Wealth .02 China/Viet China
Paracel Little Basket .01 China/Viet China
Paracel Observation Bank .01 China/Viet China
Paracel He Duck .01 China/Viet China
Paracel S. South Sand .004 China/Viet China
Paracel New West Sand .002 China/Viet China
Paracel Lesser Silver Is. .002 China/Viet China
Paracel Stone Islet .002 China/Viet China
Spratley Itu Aba Is. .46 Phil/Malay Taiwan
Spratley Thitu Is. .37 Phil/Malay Philippines
Spratley West York Is. .18 Phil/Malay Philippines
Spratley Spratley Is. .13 Phil/Malay Vietnam
Spratley Northeast Cay .13 Phil/Malay Philippines
Spratley Southwest Cay .12 Phil/Malay Vietnam
Spratley Sin Cowe Is. .08 Phil/Malay Vietnam
Spratley Nanshan Is. .08 Phil/Malay Philippines
Spratley Sand Cay .07 Phil/Malay Vietnam
Spratley Loaita Is. .06 Phil/Malay Philippines
Spratley Namyit Is. .05 Phil/Malay Vietnam
Spratley Amboyna Cay .02 Phil/Malay Vietnam
Spratley Flat Is. .01 Phil/Malay Philippines
Spratley Lankiam Cay .004 Phil/Malay Philippines
Senkaku Uotsuri-shima 4.32 Japan Japan
Senkaku Kuba-shima 1.08 Japan Japan
Senkaku Minami-kojima .46 Japan Japan
Senkaku Kita-kojima .33 Japan Japan
Senkaku Taishoo-too .06 Japan Japan
Senkaku Oki-no-Kita-iwa .02 Japan Japan
Senkaku Oki-no-Minami-iwa .005 Japan Japan
Senkaku Tobise .001 Japan Japan
Natuna Arc. 1993 69319
Anambas Gp. 637 37493 Malaysia Indonesia
Year Homicides per
million per year
Saint Louis 1949 499
Detroit 1962 435
New Orleans 1872 387
Baltimore 1967 338
Chicago 1931 151
Milwauke 1908 150
New York City 2007 39
San Diego 2016 23
Data for 2014
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Tax rate for the top bracket in percents.
Individual Corporate Individual Corporate
% % % %
California 13.3 8.8 D Virginia 5.8 6.0 D
Oregon 9.9 7.6 D Maryland 5.8 8.2 D
Minnesota 9.8 9.8 D Massachusetts 5.1 8.0 D
DC 9.0 9.0 D Utah 5.0 5.0 R
New Jersey 9.0 9.0 D Oklahoma 5.0 6.0 R
Vermont 9.0 8.5 D Mississippi 5.0 5.0 R
Iowa 9.0 12.0 R Alabama 5.0 6.5 R
New York 8.9 5.6 D Ohio 5.0 0.0 R
Hawaii 8.2 6.4 D New Hampshire 5.0 8.2 D
Wisconsin 7.6 7.9 R New Mexico 4.9 6.2 D
Idaho 7.4 7.4 R Colorado 4.6 4.6 D
Maine 7.2 8.3 D Kansas 4.6 7.0 R
Connecticut 7.0 9.0 D Arizona 4.5 4.9 R
South Carolina 7.0 5.0 R Michigan 4.2 6.0 R
Arkansas 6.9 6.5 R Illinois 3.8 7.8 D
Montana 6.9 6.8 R Indiana 3.3 6.2 R
Nebraska 6.8 7.8 R Pennsylvania 3.1 10.0 R
Delaware 6.6 8.7 D North Dakota 2.9 4.3 R
West Virginia 6.5 6.5 R Wyoming 0 0 R
Missouri 6.0 6.2 R South Dakota 0 0 R
Tennessee 6.0 6.5 R Florida 0 5.5 R
Georgia 6.0 6.0 R Nevada 0 0 D
Louisiana 6.0 8.0 R Texas 0 0 R
Kentucky 6.0 6.0 R Alaska 0 9.4 R
Rhode Island 6.0 7.0 D Washington 0 0 D
North Carolina 5.8 3.0 R
Most of the states with large debt are Democratic and most of the states with low debt are Republican.
Numbers in thousands of dollars per person. The national average is 3.72.
Massachusetts 11.34 D South Dakota 4.00 R Oklahoma 2.41 R Connecticut 9.30 D Wisconsin 3.93 R Mississippi 2.39 R Rhode Island 8.92 D Oregon 3.81 D Kansas 2.36 R Alaska 8.52 R Pennsylvania 3.75 R Idaho 2.30 R New Jersey 7.52 D Virginia 3.47 D Arizona 2.24 R New York 7.04 D Montana 3.44 R Iowa 2.08 R Hawaii 6.19 D Kentucky 3.42 R Florida 1.93 R New Hampshire 6.15 D Colorado 3.37 D North Carolina 1.87 R Delaware 5.96 D New Mexico 3.34 D Alabama 1.86 R Vermont 5.26 D South Carolina 3.26 R Texas 1.66 R Illinois 5.13 D Indiana 3.26 R Wyoming 1.65 R Washington 4.67 D Michigan 3.19 R Arkansas 1.55 R Maryland 4.57 D Missouri 3.18 R Georgia 1.38 R West Virginia 4.31 R Minnesota 2.98 D Nevada 1.30 D California 4.21 D Ohio 2.92 R Nebraska 1.05 R Louisiana 4.19 R North Dakota 2.81 R Tennessee .95 R Maine 4.12 D Utah 2.65 RTotal state debt = 1149 billion.
Newscorp Fox, WSJ, National Geographic Viacom CBS, MTV, VH1, BET Disney ABC, ESPN, Marvel, Pixar, Lucasfilm AOL+TW CNN, HBO, WB, TBS, TNT, the CW, Huffington Post Comcast NBC, MSNBC, Universal Pictures, TelemundoIndependent: New York Times, Breitbart.
Numbers in millions. Data for 2006.
All states 11.56 California 2.93 D Texas 1.64 R Florida .98 R Illinois .55 D New York .54 D Arizona .50 R Georgia .46 R New Jersey .43 D North Carolina .37 R Washington .28 D Other states 2.95 Republican states 4.43 Democratic states 6.21
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Oil production and reserves in billions of barrels (Bb).
Produce Reserves
Bb/year Bb
Texas R 1.2 10.5
N. Dakota R .40 5.7
Alaska R .18 2.9
California D .20 2.9
New Mexico D .12 1.2
Oklahoma R .12 1.0
Colorado D .10 .9
Wyoming R .08 .7
Utah R .04 .6
Louisiana R .07 .5
Red states 2.09 21.9
Blue states .42 5.0
Data
Numbers in trillions of cubic feet.
Produce Reserves
Texas 26 85.3 R
Penn. 18 56.5 R
Oklahoma 9 30.7 R
W. Virginia 4.6 21.8 R
Wyoming 6 21.0 R
Colorado 5.9 18.3 D
Louisiana 6 16.3 R
N. Mexico 4.3 15.4 D
Ohio - 12.9 R
Arkansas 3.7 8.3 R
N. Dakota - 7.3 R
Alaska 1.2 4.6 R
Utah - 3.7 R
Kansas - 3.4 R
Virginia - 2.5 D
Alabama - 2.3 R
Michigan - 1.4 R
California - 1.9 D
Kentucky - 1.5 R
Montana - .7 R
Mississippi - .5 R
New York - .1 D
Fed Pacific - .2 -
Fed Gulf 4 7.4 -
Red states 276
Blue states 37
Federal 7.6
Total 324
Data,
Data,
Data,
Data
Units of millions of short tons
Produce Reserves
Wyoming 396 6682 R
Illinois 58 2435 D
W. Virginia 112 1667 R
Penn 61 1296 R
N. Dakota 29 974 R
Kentucky 77 837 R
Montana 45 817 R
Mississippi 4 694 R
Texas 44 633 R
Indiana 39 627 R
Colorado 24 298 D
Ohio 22 245 R
Alabama 16 228 R
Arizona 8 209 R
Virginia 15 195 D
N. Mexico 22 167 D
Utah 18 128 R
Louisiana 3 89 R
Alaska 2 51 R
Arkansas 0 25 R
Maryland 2 18 D
Oklahoma 1 8 R
Red states 877 15214
Blue states 121 3113
Total 18327
Data, Data
B$/year
Coal 31.3
Crushed rock 13.8
Sand & gravel 15.5
Cement 9.8
Copper 7.6
Gold 7.6
Iron 3.8
Data
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Republican Democrat Democrat RFK Jr Williamson Gabbard
mainstream radical
Energy & climate
Nuclear Yes No No Mixed
Gasoline Yes * No No Capitalist
Natural gas Yes * No No Capitalist
Coal Yes No No Capitalist
Fracking Yes No No No
Total energy Maximize Minimize Minimize
Green New Deal No * Yes Yes Yes Yes
Geoengineering No No No No
Farmer Yes * No No Yes
Free speech Yes * No No Yes Yes
2nd Amendment Yes * No No Yes No Yes
DOJ
Prosecute Bidens Yes * No No Yes
Apolitical Yes * No No Yes
Supreme Court
Constitutionalist Yes * No No
Pack the court No * Yes Yes
Education
Choice Yes * No No
Child grooming No * Yes Yes
SAT Yes No No
Free college No * Yes Yes Yes
College debt forgiv No * Yes Yes
Affirmative action No * Yes Yes Yes
Federal education Defund Fund Fund
Corporate oligarchy No Yes No No No
Social issues
Abortion States Federal Federal
Trans in women's sports No Yes Yes
Cannabis No Yes Yes
Race reparations No * Yes Yes Yes Yes
Veterans Support Oppose Oppose
Police Support Oppose Oppose
Foreign policy
China Oppose * Obey Obey
Israel Support * Oppose Oppose Support Oppose Support
Border Defend * Open Open Defend Defend
Immigration Limit * Open Open Open Open
Covid
Lockdown No Yes Yes No
Vaccine No Yes Yes No
Issues denoted by a "*" are especially vital to Republicans.